University of Arizona
Institute for Mathematics and Education

High School Fourth Year Mathematics Courses

More and more states require four years of mathematics for graduation from high school. Traditional choices for fourth year courses include Precalculus, AP Calculus, and AP Statistics. This report surveys models for other fourth year developed across the country. It is an evolving document: if you have courses you would like to suggest for addition, notify the webmaster.

Modeling and Quantitative Reasoning Course, Ohio

Developed by the Ohio Department of Education, this course "prepares students to investigate contemporary issues mathematically and to apply the mathematics learned in earlier courses to answer questions that are relevant to their civic and personal lives.


A more complete description is given in this document from the Ohio Department of Education. See also the Ohio Resource Center support materials.


Advanced Mathematical Decision Making, Texas

Developed by the Dana Center at the University of Texas, Austin, this course "includes descriptive statistics, financial/economic literacy, and basic trigonometry, with a heavy emphasis on using algebraic, geometric, and statistical models for a range of situations and problems."


For more details, see the Dana Center website on the course.

Mathematics for Decision Making in Industry and Government, HSOR

This series of 13 modules "develops secondary mathematics concepts ... drawn from the field of operations research ... [spanning] the spectrum of organizations: from Bethlehem Steel to Ponderosa Plywood of Mexico, from Hertz to HP, from routing Meals-on-Wheels to routing Special Ed school buses.


For more details, see the home page of High School Operations Research, or go directly to the modules here.


Mathematical Methods Course, EDC

This innovative course, developed at EDC by Al Cuoco and Michelle Manes, focused on developing mathematical habits of mind. It integrated topics in precalculus and discrete mathematics, and included chapters on the ideas of calculus and on cryptography. Much of it has been incorporated into EDC's CME Project.